Seham Farouk

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Dr. Seham Farouk is a public finance and sustainable finance expert at the Egyptian Ministry of Finance. She works on public financial management, green fiscal policy, innovative taxation, sovereign risk, and sustainable finance. She holds a Doctor of Business Administration in Finance from Ain Shams University and an MBA from Paris ESLSCA Business School.

Mohamed Maait

Sep 21 2026

Micro-sovereign funding: How tokenized bonds can break the sovereign debt trap

Illuminem Voices

Sustainable Finance · Green Bonds

Developing countries borrow at two to four times the interest rates of advanced economies — but tokenized bonds, with minimum investments as low as $30, could open sovereign debt markets to a wider investor pool and break that cycle

A wooden table with a typewriter, glasses, notebook, and pen placed on top.

Beyond buffers: How to engineer sovereign resilience to energy shocks

Sourajit Aiyer

May 29 2026

Beyond buffers: How to engineer sovereign resilience to energy shocks

Energy Management & Efficiency

Energy shocks from Middle East tensions are global financial risks, requiring sovereigns to move beyond buffers and design fiscal systems that can absorb volatility before it becomes a crisis

Recent publications

Sourajit Aiyer

May 29 2026