![post image](https://illuminem.b-cdn.net/article/c92470430c2c2bd5228ab22bd1da188f0363be22.jpg?width=1920&quality=75)
![source image](https://illuminem.b-cdn.net/author/8828091eb9f0a6bd3371b1f9812ce156027f6acc.png?width=96&quality=75)
João Graça Gomes
The future of energy: Geopolitics and the essential minerals of the 21st century
Renewable energy technologies still rely heavily on specific raw materials like lithium, cobalt, copper, nickel, manganese, and rare earth elements
![author photo](https://illuminem.b-cdn.net/general/ivprofile.jpg?width=1920&quality=75)
Readers also like
![illuminem](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F081a98f368664c625c901560e323c31816446599.png&w=384&q=75)
illuminem
Environmental Sustainability
![illuminem briefings](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F7b0adc1a500670ebde562e2ebca6d252bfb93168.png&w=384&q=75)
illuminem briefings
Climate Change
![Kasper Benjamin Reimer Bjørkskov](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2Fd812bbfcdb59f95038d41f9d62115273c56144a3.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Kasper Benjamin Reimer Bjørkskov
Climate Change
![Wim Naudé](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F99630a3861e536b450ba714451690e67dfcd0ed0.jpeg&w=384&q=75)
Wim Naudé
Environmental Sustainability
![Roberto Vigotti](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2Fc9be54c3738b6ac378005a52fcf81b31081f1c37.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Roberto Vigotti
Environmental Sustainability
![Mark Trexler](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F1d0a942181a296ff67cb0d7204dc8ceba6bf1b6d.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Mark Trexler
illuminemX
![Karl Burkart](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F6518dc9ab7c94d557171a8eb0e3e2b1f99d21ce6.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Karl Burkart
Environmental Sustainability
![Jonathan Gifford](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F0b77b66763f6f6c08228ad38383ec06bbdd10b20.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Jonathan Gifford
Energy
![Ana Luci Grizzi](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F6a7c5aca4ed47413e5d108c31c3852ba8fa7cf48.png&w=384&q=75)
Ana Luci Grizzi
Environmental Sustainability
![Leon Stille](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F22d5e4e3cdc11e8fd684a92b2b1ccdac1d835eed.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Leon Stille
Hydrogen
![Jamie Prow](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F8d2e5b4052da43f524f2d96224fda95c10da8b8d.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Jamie Prow
Environmental Sustainability
![Jean-Baptiste Vaujour](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F9c8312ee27977f22f130fd57290f14077bf5b0b3.png&w=384&q=75)
Jean-Baptiste Vaujour
Energy
![Sacha Bazin](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2Ff09507090a7e8e30e8de88b76538ca86a54dd9b2.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Sacha Bazin
Climate Change
![Aaron Boockvar-Klein](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F94db15244a927621c323f498d63e6a7661cd5bda.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Aaron Boockvar-Klein
Environmental Sustainability
![Jan Rosenow](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F5cc0bf3902aaa7b44fe0523b07afaf877d6c343b.png&w=384&q=75)
Jan Rosenow
Green Hydrogen
![Robin Mills](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F3b92d8cc0f48b2a9636d47ad708b315289a14fcd.png&w=384&q=75)
Robin Mills
Energy Transition
![Venera N. Anderson](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Filluminem.b-cdn.net%2Fauthor%2F3f2bdb5f506ffeceaa1f25855e90ef3e03dcb836.jpg&w=384&q=75)
Venera N. Anderson
Climate Change
![dream big picture](https://illuminem.b-cdn.net/general/bivprofile.jpg?width=1920&quality=75)