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🗞️ Driving the news: The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has issued a historic advisory opinion stating that countries are legally obligated to curb greenhouse gas emissions and protect the climate
• The ruling asserts that states must act with due diligence and cooperation, in line with international environmental and human rights obligations—including commitments under the Paris Agreement to limit warming to 1.5°C
🔭 The context: The advisory opinion follows a request initiated by Vanuatu in 2021, backed by over 130 UN member states and spurred by the youth-led Pacific Island Students Fighting Climate Change movement
• The case, the largest in ICJ history, examined states’ legal duties to safeguard the environment and the consequences of failing to do so
• While non-binding, such opinions hold significant legal and moral weight and influence the development of international law
🌍 Why it matters for the planet: The ruling establishes a clear legal foundation linking climate action to the protection of human rights and international law
• It strengthens the case for global climate justice, reinforces state responsibility for environmental harm, and affirms that failure to act could lead to reparations
• This is especially vital for vulnerable nations like small island states facing existential threats from rising seas
⏭️ What's next: The ICJ’s opinion is expected to guide future climate litigation and policymaking worldwide
• States may face increased legal scrutiny if they breach climate obligations, and courts in various jurisdictions could use this opinion to hold governments and potentially corporations accountable
• UN Secretary-General António Guterres called the decision “a victory for our planet,” and its influence will likely intensify debates over fair burden-sharing and accelerate legal frameworks for climate justice
💬 One quote: “This is a victory for our planet, for climate justice and for the power of young people to make a difference,” — António Guterres, UN Secretary-General
📈 One stat: A record 97 states participated in oral proceedings and 91 submitted written statements, making this the largest case in the ICJ’s history
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