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References and Appendix: Green vs pink hydrogen production in Japan

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By Venera N. Anderson

· 20 min read


List of references

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AHC (Australian Hydrogen Council) (2020). Getting to H2 under $2 dollars: key milestones for achieving hydrogen export industry at scale in Australia. Australian Hydrogen Council. https://h2council.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PAP-H2-under-2_export-v1_2020-07-20-075532.pdf

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Baker McKenzie (2024). Global hydrogen policy tracker: Japan. Baker McKenzie. https://resourcehub.bakermckenzie.com/en/resources/hydrogen-heat-map/asia-pacific/japan/topics/hydrogen-developments#

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Bloomberg News (2024b, October 29). Japan’s nuclear power revival is threated by a lack of workers. Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-29/japan-s-nuclear-power-revival-is-threatened-by-a-lack-of-workers

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Bocobza, J., Tanabe, M. & Takahashi, S. (2024, October 30). Japan’s hydrogen society promotion act comes into effect. White & Case. https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/japans-hydrogen-society-promotion-act-comes-effect#

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Chandler, D.L. (2019, February 3). Turning desalination waste into a useful resource. MIT News. https://news.mit.edu/2019/brine-desalianation-waste-sodium-hydroxide-0213

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Chew, Y., Chen, Z., Loy, A., How, B., & Andiappan, V. (2023, March 15). Beyond the colours of hydrogen: Opportunities for process systems engineering in hydrogen economy. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41660-023-00324-z

CHP (Clean Hydrogen Partnership) (2024a). Sustainable supply chain and industrialization of hydrogen technologies. Summary Report. Clean Hydrogen Partnership. https://www.clean-hydrogen.europa.eu/document/download/1864ecb1-8dc8-425f-9a32-a03035e58751_en?filename=Hydrogen%20supply%20chain_summary%20report_PUBLIC.pdf

CHP (Clean Hydrogen Partnership) (2024b, June). Levelised cost of hydrogen (LCOH) calculator manual. Clean Hydrogen Partnership. https://observatory.clean-hydrogen.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-06/Manual%20-%20Levelised%20Cost%20of%20Hydrogen%20%28LCOH%29%20Calculator.pdf

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Corbeau A.S., Hamilton, M., & Cutright, A. (2022, June). Scaling up the hydrogen market. Dialogue insight report. International Energy Forum. http://www.ief.org/_resources/files/pages/hydrogen-market-pathways/ief-hydrogen-market-pathways-report---scaling-up-the-hydrogen-market.pdf

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CSU (California State University Chanell Islands) (2023). What is environmental resilience? California State University. www.csuci.edu/fs/sustainability/environmental-resiliency.htm

CTVC (2024, August 19). The hard truth about hydrogen #210. CTVC. https://www.ctvc.co/the-hard-truth-about-hydrogen-210/

Davies, M., Shimodaira, D., & Meade, M. (2023, December 21). Japan proposes new hydrogen price-gap subsidy. Client alert. King & Spalding. https://www.kslaw.com/news-and-insights/japan-proposes-new-hydrogen-price-gap-subsidy

Day, P. (2024, November 20). US hydrogen strategy unclear as Trump seeks spending cuts. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/us-hydrogen-strategy-unclear-trump-seeks-spending-cuts-2024-11-20/

Delatte, J. (2023, March 2023). Global hydrogen policy: assessing Japan’s hydrogen society. Institute Montaigne. https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/expressions/global-hydrogen-policy-assessing-japans-hydrogen-society

DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) (2024a). Hydrogen production. U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/program-areas/production

DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) (2024b). Hydrogen production: electrolysis. U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-electrolysis

DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) (2024c). Hydrogen production: natural gas reformatting. U.S Department of Energy. https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-natural-gas-reforming#:

DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) (2024d). Regional clean hydrogen hubs selections award nominations. U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.energy.gov/oced/regional-clean-hydrogen-hubs-selections-award-negotiations

DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) (2024e, September). Pathways to commercial liftoff: Advanced nuclear. U.S. Department of Energy. https://liftoff.energy.gov/advanced-nuclear-2/

DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) (2024f). Hydrogen storage. US Department of Energy https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-storage#.

DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) (2023). Energy reliability. U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.energy.gov/eere/energy-reliability

DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) (2020). Hydrogen strategy: enabling a low-carbon economy. US. Department of Energy. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/07/f76/USDOE_FE_Hydrogen_Strategy_July2020.pdf

Economist (2021, October 9). Creating the new hydrogen economy is a massive undertaking and a delicate one. The Economist. https://www.economist.com/briefing/2021/10/09/creating-the-new-hydrogen-economy-is-a-massive-undertaking

Eh, C.L.M., Tiong, A.T., Kansedo, J. Lim, C.H., How, B.S., & Ng, W.P.Q. (2022). Circular hydrogen economy and its challenges. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 94, pp.1273-1278, doi: 10.3303/CET2294212

EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration) (2023, June 23). Hydrogen explained. US Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydrogen/

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Endo, H. (2024, September 28). Personal communication about the green hydrogen project in the Tohoku region in 2022. 

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Engbarth (2023, July 7).  Japan: finding a role for pink hydrogen? Energy Intelligence. https://www.energyintel.com/00000189-2805-d3a6-a7eb-3eb5f4060000#

Eto, R. Nakano, T., Morimoto, T. Onda, N., Iwata, T., Ninomiya, Y., Shibata, Y, Yanagisawa, A., Ito, K., (2023, December 23). Economic and Energy Outlook for Japan for FY 2024 – The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan. IIEJ. https://eneken.ieej.or.jp/en/press/press231220_en.pdf

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Appendix

Table 1

Global and Japanese Comparable Figures for the Potential Cost of Green and Pink Hydrogen  in Japan

Table 2 

Comparative Analysis – Economic Criteria

Table 3 

Comparative Analysis – Economic Criteria (cont.)

Table 4 

Comparative Analysis – Other Criteria (Environment, Safety, Workforce Availability) 

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Following her tenure on Wall Street at Salomon Smith Barney, Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, and Credit Suisse, Dr. Venera N. Anderson is now an independent global strategy advisor and published author on sustainability and climate issues. She creates and implements innovative solutions that address the most pressing global problems, such as climate change, economic development, and humanitarian challenges. Venera is a member of the Harvard Business Review Advisory Council, Rotary International's Paul Harris Fellow, Savvitas's Global Ambassador, a global speaker, and an international expert in "Women in Green Hydrogen." She is a co-author of the book, "Touching Hydrogen Future," author of "The Fight Against Poverty in the BRICS Countries," and co-author of five books on poverty in transitional economies.

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