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Brazilian beef sector: Balancing economy and environment
The Brazilian cattle sector is a cornerstone of the country’s economy and a focal point of environmental concerns. As one of the largest beef producers and exporters in the world, Brazil’s cattle industry contributes significantly to GDP, employment, and global food security. The sector employs millions of people, directly and indirectly, and generates substantial revenue through exports to key markets such as China, the European Union, and the Middle East.
However, the sector is also at the center of deforestation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions debates, particularly in the Amazon. The expansion of pastures has been a leading driver of deforestation, threatening biodiversity and undermining Brazil’s commitments to climate change mitigation. Reports highlight that cattle laundering, where deforestation-linked cattle are integrated into legal supply chains, remains a persistent issue, affecting the credibility of Brazilian beef exports. Additionally, meatpackers still face challenges in fully monitoring their supply chains, which has led to increased scrutiny from international buyers and regulatory agencies.
As the world gears up for COP30 in Belém in November 2025, the Brazilian cattle sector must navigate these challenges while positioning itself as a leader in sustainable livestock production. This requires understanding the themes that will dominate the conference and taking proactive steps to align with global climate goals.
COP30 agenda: Deforestation, methane, and finance challenges
COP30 will likely focus on several major themes that have direct implications for the Brazilian cattle industry. Deforestation and land use will be a major topic, given that the Amazon is one of the most crucial carbon sinks on the planet. There will be increased scrutiny on land-use policies and intensified calls for transparency in beef supply chains. Another significant focus will be methane emissions reduction. Livestock methane emissions remain a priority in global climate negotiations, and Brazil may face pressure to implement mitigation strategies such as dietary supplements, rotational grazing, and improved manure management.
Sustainable agricultural finance is also expected to be an important discussion point. Climate finance mechanisms will be central to the agenda, offering opportunities for Brazil’s cattle industry to access green financing for sustainable pasture recovery and low-carbon livestock practices. Trade and supply chain transparency will remain at the forefront of negotiations, as international markets increasingly demand deforestation-free supply chains. New regulations in Europe and potential trade barriers could make compliance with sustainability standards essential for continued market access. Additionally, Indigenous rights and land tenure will likely feature prominently, with global discussions emphasising the role of Indigenous communities in environmental stewardship. The cattle sector must navigate land tenure disputes and engage in responsible sourcing practices to avoid conflicts and reputational risks.
Proactive strategies for the Brazilian cattle industry
To remain competitive and mitigate climate-related risks, the Brazilian cattle industry must take decisive action ahead of COP30. Strengthening supply chain transparency and monitoring is one of the most crucial steps. Implementing full traceability systems that track cattle from birth to slaughterhouse is essential to ensuring compliance with zero-deforestation commitments. Blockchain and remote sensing technologies can verify land-use changes and prevent cattle laundering, while independent audits can help certify sustainable sourcing practices and build credibility with international buyers.
Accelerating the adoption of sustainable pasture management will also be key. Prioritising pasture recovery near existing slaughterhouses will help reduce land conversion pressures and enhance sustainability. Silvo-pastoral systems that integrate trees, pasture, and livestock can improve carbon sequestration and biodiversity, while regenerative grazing techniques that improve soil health and productivity should be widely promoted. The adoption of these practices can help the sector move toward more sustainable production models.
Addressing methane emissions through innovation is another area where the sector can take action. Investments in dietary strategies such as feed additives containing tannins or seaweed-based solutions can help reduce enteric fermentation and lower emissions. Research on low-emission cattle breeds and genetic selection for methane efficiency should be expanded, while improved waste management and biogas production from manure can turn emissions into renewable energy sources.
Leveraging green finance and climate funds will be essential for funding the transition toward sustainable cattle production. Advocating for access to international climate finance can provide much-needed resources to support these efforts. Developing carbon credit programs that reward sustainable practices will offer financial incentives for emissions reductions, while partnerships with financial institutions can create low-interest loans for producers adopting sustainable intensification practices.
Engaging in policy dialogue and international collaboration will be necessary to shape the global narrative around Brazilian beef production. Participation in COP30 discussions will provide an opportunity to showcase Brazil’s progress and commitment to sustainability. Collaboration with global stakeholders will help develop science-based targets for the beef industry aligned with the Paris Agreement, while public-private partnerships can be leveraged to scale up best practices and bridge the gap between policy and implementation.
Conclusion
COP30 presents both challenges and opportunities for the Brazilian cattle sector. By proactively addressing deforestation risks, enhancing supply chain transparency, and investing in sustainable practices, the industry can position itself as a responsible player in global climate governance. With strategic engagement in climate finance, methane reduction innovations, and land-use improvements, the sector can contribute meaningfully to climate solutions while maintaining its economic relevance. Now is the time for Brazilian beef to lead by example and demonstrate that sustainability and competitiveness can go hand in hand.
