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Is CO2 truly a pollutant? We break down the debate

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By illuminem briefings

· 3 min read


illuminem summarises for you the essential news of the day. Read the full piece on The Wall Street Journal or enjoy below:

🗞️ Driving the news: The Trump administration has moved to revise the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) regulatory stance by questioning whether carbon dioxide should legally be classified as a pollutant
The move challenges a 2007 Supreme Court ruling that requires the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases if they are deemed to endanger public health or welfare
The administration argues that CO₂, being a naturally occurring substance, should not be regulated under the same framework as conventional air pollutants

🔭 The context: The 2007 Massachusetts v. EPA ruling established CO₂ and other greenhouse gases as subject to regulation under the Clean Air Act
This provided the legal foundation for numerous federal climate policies, including power plant regulations and vehicle emission standards
While mainstream scientific consensus links elevated CO₂ levels to global warming and its associated human health risks, critics within the current administration argue that the Clean Air Act was never designed to address global climate phenomena

🌍 Why it matters for the planet: Redefining CO₂ as non-pollutant would undermine key legal tools used to enforce emissions standards, likely weakening US climate policy across energy, transportation, and industrial sectors
Such a shift could delay decarbonization efforts, reduce pressure on fossil fuel producers, and impair progress toward international climate targets
Conversely, it may embolden other governments or industries to roll back climate commitments, especially where economic or political opposition to regulation exists

⏭️ What's next: If the EPA formally moves forward with redefining CO₂, it will face immediate legal challenges from environmental groups and several states
Courts will likely revisit the scientific and legal basis of the 2007 precedent
The debate will play into broader electoral dynamics, as climate regulation remains a dividing issue in US policymaking
The EPA is expected to release a proposed rule by November, followed by a public comment period and possible litigation

💬 One quote: “CO₂ is essential to life, not a pollutant,” said EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler. “We believe regulations should be grounded in both science and statutory intent”

📈 One stat: CO₂ concentrations in the atmosphere reached 424.5 parts per million in May 2025 — the highest level in more than 800,000 years, according to NOAA data

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illuminem's editorial team, providing you with concise summaries of the most important sustainability news of the day. Follow us on Linkedin, Twitter​ & Instagram

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