Introduction

The world of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has long grappled with the challenge of attracting sufficient interest and talent. Even fifteen years ago, during our engineering studies, we were alerted to the shortage of individuals pursuing STEM subjects, and the subsequent shortage of engineers in the workforce. This narrative has never gone away. To add to this persisting challenge, the world is changing around us in a way that would only intensify the skills gap, with a rapid scale up in low carbon and digital infrastructure required in the next 25 years if we are to get remotely close to mitigating the most harmful effects of climate change. This global shift is marked by the introduction of regulatory frameworks like the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the European Green Deal; global youth protests against climate change and announcements of Net Zero pledges in the Corporate Sector. In fact, 2023 was the European Year of Skills, which the European Union created because of the importance of a workforce with in-demand skills for long-term sustainable growth and for responsible green and digital transitions. These developments underscore the urgent need for a sustainable transition, where STEM education and youth engagement will play pivotal roles in ensuring we can deliver such a transition.

Who does education serve and for what purpose?

Governments, businesses, individuals, and society at large all play integral roles in shaping and benefiting from education, but the overarching question remains: Who does education truly serve, and for what purpose?

Nelson Mandela once said that “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world”. Governments, with their core mandate to serve society's interests or otherwise risk being removed at elections, design education policies and initiatives aligned with national priorities and economic demands. But are these priorities in alignment with long term prosperity and do these policies effectively address the evolving needs of a rapidly changing world? Are educational institutions equipped to produce graduates with the skills and knowledge needed to navigate complex challenges such as climate change, technological advancements, and societal inequalities? And is the education system designed such that the subjects are pragmatic, engaging and enticing for students?

Businesses, who are traditionally successful by creating profit and/or market value, rely on the education system to supply qualified individuals to fill current job vacancies. However, are the motivations of businesses today beneficial to the society of tomorrow and even if so, are these businesses actively engaged in shaping educational curricula to meet their evolving needs? Do they prioritize skills such as critical thinking, adaptability, and innovation in their ideal candidates, or do they solely focus on technical expertise for current vacancies?

Individuals pursuing education have diverse aspirations, ranging from general interest, personal development and career advancement to societal impact and environmental stewardship. But are the societal challenges we face able to be resolved on the basis of individual choices? Are educational institutions fostering a sense of agency and empowerment among students to solve these? Are they equipping learners with pragmatic tools to make informed choices, contribute positively to society, and lead sustainable lifestyles?

Society, as a collective entity, relies on education to nurture a skilled workforce, foster innovation, and address pressing societal issues. Yet, are educational systems adequately preparing individuals to navigate an increasingly interconnected and globalized world? Are they developing curriculum that are pragmatic, engaging and relevant to the real world, as opposed to purely theoretical coursework that bears little resemblance to a real job? Are they promoting values of inclusivity, diversity, and social justice, essential for building resilient and equitable communities?

Moreover, as we confront urgent challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and social inequities, the role of education in driving transformative systems change becomes paramount. How can education foster a culture of sustainability, responsible consumption, and environmental stewardship? Can educational institutions adapt their curricula to prioritize green technologies, circular economy principles, and sustainable practices?

In this era of rapid technological advancements and shifting societal paradigms, as well as the need for urgent, large scale investment in infrastructure to meet a growing population and warming planet, the purpose of education extends beyond traditional notions of workforce readiness and career advancement. It encompasses holistic development, critical thinking, civic engagement, pragmatic and innovative curricula and the cultivation of ethical values and social responsibility. As we ponder these questions and seek answers, education emerges not only as a means to an end but as a powerful catalyst for positive change, shaping a more sustainable, equitable, and prosperous future for all.

Roles and responsibilities of educators & government in shaping education

Educators and governments are vital contributors to creating an educational framework that supports the transition to a sustainable future. Educators play a pivotal role in shaping learning environments by designing curricula that integrate sustainability principles, fostering critical thinking, creativity, and lifelong learning. They must make the curricula engaging and relevant to jobs in the real world, and also promote inclusivity and diversity, ensuring equitable access to education for all learners.

Governments, on the other hand, have significant responsibilities in shaping education through policy formulation, funding allocation, and regulatory frameworks. They design education policies aligned with national sustainability priorities, economic trends, and societal needs. Investments in educational infrastructure, technology integration, and teacher training programs must be directed towards enhancing educational quality and outcomes, with a focus on sustainability education. This is a win-win, as sustainability and climate transition are already emerging as one of the major drivers of economic growth and jobs in most countries over the next three decades.

Furthermore, governments facilitate collaboration between educational institutions, industry partners, and community stakeholders to enrich learning experiences and bridge the gap between education and sustainable employment opportunities. This collaborative approach helps students experience real world case studies, interactive simulations, site visits, role-playing and experiential learning opportunities. By embracing innovation, digital literacy, teamwork and the adoption of sustainable practices within the education sector, we can prepare learners to navigate the complex challenges and opportunities presented by sustainable transitions. Most importantly, it demonstrates to students how sustainability is applied in the real life, helping to engage them, generate excitement and give purpose to the curricula that they are being taught. 

Finally, governments should prioritize inclusivity, equity, and diversity in education by addressing barriers to access, supporting marginalized communities, and advocating for educational reforms that embed sustainability principles. 

Changing curriculum for energy literacy

In the realm of energy transitions, education stands as a cornerstone for shaping mindsets and empowering individuals with the knowledge and skills essential for sustainable energy jobs and practices. The World Energy Council's vision of "Humanising Energy" emphasizes the need to engage communities and individuals in understanding energy challenges and innovations. This human-centric approach, aligned with the mission of promoting sustainable energy use, underscores the significance of raising awareness and fostering understanding to empower informed decision-making.

Tools such as the Energy Trilemma, crafted by the World Energy Council, offer a holistic view of environmental sustainability, energy security, and energy equity, aiding decision-makers in navigating the complexities of energy systems. The forthcoming World Energy Congress 2026, themed "Inspiring Transformations, Delivering Transitions," echoes the call for prioritizing innovation, human and environmental well-being in energy planning and implementation.

This needs to be reflected in education systems and curricula. By embracing innovation, digital literacy, social outcomes and working alongside all stakeholders to make the curricula engaging and pragmatic, educational systems become better equipped to prepare learners for a future centred around sustainability challenges and opportunities.

Developing informed leaders

As we navigate the energy transition landscape, individual actions wield significant influence, shaping everyday aspects such as transportation choices, consumption habits, and workplace practices. Engaging everyone in this collective effort is paramount, given that the energy transition is a challenge that demands collective understanding and collaborative solutions.

The responsibility to lead this charge falls on the shoulders of business and government leaders, who bear a profound responsibility to future generations. Today's youth, in particular, will inherit the consequences of decisions made today. Hence, integrating youth perspectives into decision-making processes becomes imperative, ensuring that their voices are heard and considered in shaping policies and initiatives for a sustainable future. This also includes ensuring that the education system cultivates informed leaders in the sustainability space which, apart from the general changes in education systems described above, could also include more targeted leadership opportunities such as creating sustainability committees in education campuses, as well as targeted leadership engagements with businesses.

By involving diverse stakeholders, including educators, businesses, governments, and youth, and by leveraging educational tools and prioritizing youth engagement, we can collectively navigate the complexities of the energy landscape. This collaborative approach ensures that the voices of all stakeholders, especially youth, are heard and considered in decision-making processes. It fosters a more sustainable, equitable, and resilient future where informed leaders drive us towards a greener and more sustainable world for generations to come.

Conclusion

STEM education and youth engagement are instrumental in propelling us towards a successful energy transition. Education serves a dual purpose: imparting knowledge while fostering informed leaders capable of addressing complex challenges such as climate change and societal inequity. Transforming education to prioritize sustainability, critical thinking, and ethical leadership is crucial for nurturing a generation of change-makers poised to drive sustainable practices and policies. Educators and governments play pivotal roles in shaping this new educational framework that supports sustainability. Educators need to design pragmatic curricula that embrace innovation and digitalisation to integrate sustainability principles, while governments must prioritize sustainability in education policies and facilitate collaboration between stakeholders.

Youth empowerment and engagement are essential in shaping a  a brighter, greener, and more sustainable world for generations to come. Today's youth are not passive recipients of education; they are tomorrow's leaders and experts who will navigate the intricacies of the energy landscape and tackle pressing environmental challenges. Integrating youth perspectives into decision-making processes and providing them with the necessary knowledge, skills, and opportunities is vital to the scale up of sustainability innovations and the build out of sustainable infrastructure , as well as creating a pipeline of informed leaders committed to positive change. As Nelson Mandela said “Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world”. Let us harness the power of education to change the world, by closing the skills gap and equipping youth to address global challenges and create a lasting impact on a sustainable future. 

illuminem Voices is a democratic space presenting the thoughts and opinions of leading Sustainability & Energy writers, their opinions do not necessarily represent those of illuminem.